Mummies Essays - Egyptian Gods, Egyptian Mythology,

Mummies As per British anthropologist, Edward Tylor, culture is that mind boggling entire which included information, conviction, workmanship, ethics, law, custom, and some other capacities and propensities obtained by man as a citizen. (Ferraro, 18) Many societies around the globe have interesting functions and rituals held for their dead yet maybe the most stunning is that of the antiquated Egyptians. They are renowned for their able preserving and their detailed entombment customs. The Egyptians accepted that each individual had a soul that would live on after the human body passed on. The soul would have the option to move, eat, drink, and appreciate delights simply like then the body was alive. Be that as it may, so as to do this; the soul needed to have an unmistakable body to stay in. After the individual kicked the bucket, the Egyptians accepted that the soul took two unique structures: the ka and the ba. The ka was the people twofold, made by a divine being named Khnum. The ka lived in the body til' the very end. It would keep on living after death if and just in the event that it was furnished with precisely the same picture of the dead individual. Now and again a sculpture would be utilized to house the ka, however a mummy was perfect. The ka additionally required food and drink to endure. Accordingly, the Egyptians left containers of grain and water in the graves. The ba was the other type of a people soul. It was not the same as the ka in that it had the option to leave the burial chamber. It could do this in any shape it satisfied. In any case, the most well-known was a little feathered creature with a human head that took after that of the dead individual. Without a mummy, there would be no ka and no ba. Demise would be conclusive, with no life following death and this was something the antiquated Egyptians couldn't acknowledge. There were numerous divine beings that were essential to the Egyptians yet the most significant was Osiris. The god Osiris was said to have triumphed over death, and each antiquated Egyptian needed to follow his model. Legend told that Osiris was a decent pharaoh who was killed by his malicious sibling, Seth. Seth cut Osiris into fourteen pieces and dispersed them all over Egypt. His significant other, Isis, inevitably discovered every one of them and mysteriously Osiris body become entirety. This account of the dead rulers extraordinary restoration gave Egyptians trust in everlasting life. So to be renewed, a dead individual attempted to be related to Osiris every which way. Mummies were set up in the very same manner as the assemblage of Osiris had been many years prior. On the off chance that all worked out positively, the mummy would turn into an Osiris and live until the end of time. The way to making dependable mummies was drying out the collections of the dead before entombment. The initial segment in doing this was to expel the organs that were well on the way to cause rot. So the Egyptians concluded that the stomach, the digestive organs, the liver, and the lungs would need to be evacuated. In any case, they accepted that the body parts that were expelled shouldnt be discarded. Every organ was set in a different holder of wood, stoneware, or stone, to be safeguarded in the burial chamber always alongside the mummy. For whatever length of time that the mummy and its inner parts were ensured against, rot, the Egyptians accepted that all the body parts would be mystically rejoined in the hereafter, much the same as in the narrative of Osiris. The subsequent stage in embalmment was simply the drying out of the body. This was finished by thickly covering it all around with a fine white salt called naton. This salt had the capacity to draw water from the skin and different tissues. This procedure took somewhere in the range of thirty-five to forty days. During that time, the body lay on an inclined load up known as the bed of preservation. This dampness trickled through a channel at the lower end into a dish or container. The last advance was to wrap and gauze the mummy. A blend of huge bits of material and smaller pieces of cloth were utilized. The wrappings were applied in numerous layers. These wrappings secured whatever gems had been set on the mummy. Valuable articles were likewise positioned on the mummy. As the layers

The Plan for a Two

The Plan for a Two Presentation Every year, we experience different types of calamities, where we lose lives, property, and individuals are harmed. In such conditions, the business activities generally stop, and this makes the expense of maintaining the business rise. This expense is every so often disregarded to the investors, representatives, buyers and different organs of the state.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on The Plan for a Two-story Office Building in Colorado that Houses 50 Employees explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, all these can be overseen, subsequently, the wounds can be diminished in case of a calamity, passings can be decreased and misfortunes in the business can be overseen. With a remarkable and viable debacle and recuperation plan for the structure, we can oversee different types of catastrophes. A decent catastrophe and recuperation plan for the structure is instrumental in guaranteeing that we define an interesting arrangement th at depends on the structure, which is situated in Colorado and houses 50 workers. This paper will assess different potential dangers to the office from the cataclysmic events just as the man-made dangers. The paper will likewise build up a debacle and recuperation plan that is one of a kind to this office. It is basic to guarantee that each arrangement is successfully executed so as to understand the full advantages of the arrangement. Hence, this paper will give a nitty gritty clarification on how the one of a kind arrangement will permit the office to react to potential occasions, either normal or man-made. At last, the paper will portray the moves, which must be taken with the end goal for it to be completely actualized (Gustin, 1996). Assessment of the Potential Risks to the Facility from Natural Disasters and man-made Threats A central comprehension of different complexities related with debacles is instrumental in the readiness. The coherence of any business depends on the cap acity to forestall and alleviate any type of a fiasco that may emerge. The comprehension of the different types of fiascos that the structure is helpless against is basic to the designer of the office. This helps with building up a one of a kind arrangement, which is successful in managing types of calamities that may happen at a specific time. The comprehension is likewise significant with the end goal of quick reaction in case of a crisis. It is for this reason the arrangement will be created dependent on the assessment of the different types of debacles that exist. With the end goal of this arrangement, the catastrophes will be characterized into two general classes talked about beneath. Cataclysmic events The catastrophic events that are regular in this area incorporate tropical storms, winter storms, tornados, floods, tremors and flames. It is important that flames may likewise be occasioned by pyro-crime, and this paper has arranged it under this classification because of the characteristic causes that may result to fire. Every one of these causes is represented in this. A typhoon is fundamentally a hurricane, which is related with winds that movement at a consistent speed of up to 74 miles for every hour.Advertising Looking for exposition on design? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The speed can be higher, contingent upon the conditions of the tropical storms. In ordinary cases, an enormous winding is framed by the typhoons around the quiet community. This can cause an extraordinary effect in light of the fact that the breezes as a rule develop with quality. A successful debacle plan is basic on the grounds that the typhoon carries heavy rains with high breezes just as tempest floods. The storm may even keep going for a few days (Federal Emergency Agency, 2006). The arrangement for this perfect structure is intended to guarantee that once the tropical storm watch is given, an acceptable reaction is influenced by making sure about the physical property. The arrangement has a perfect clearing territory, where the whole inhabitant ought to collect. The structure has connect ways that help the tenants to all in all collect without occasioning any type of disarray to the inhabitants. The house will be fitted with powerful correspondence materials to guarantee that all the inhabitants of the office are viably educated about the catastrophe in the most brief conceivable time. The game plan of the office is intended to guarantee that all the tenants have a simple access to the leave ways (Gustin, 1996). Tornadoes are catastrophic events that are described by turned channel formed mists that make tempests. They are related with high wind speed. They keep going for shorter terms, however they are extremely dangerous on physical properties. In view of this, the calamity the executives plan for this specific structure is intended to guarantee that there are negligible loses to the off ice. Attributable to the way that passings related with tornadoes are brought about by the breakdown of the structure, the office for this situation is intended to suffer pressure from such tornadoes that may hit the structure. The structure is intended to have a broker in the storm cellar, which can fill in as an inside room where the inhabitants of the structure collect in case of tornadoes. This guarantees the inhabitants are made sure about from windows, entryways and other flying articles that are related with tornados (Federal Emergency Agency, 2006). The office is intended to guarantee that all the inhabitants of the house approach the inside room. The room is built with strengthened an overwhelming solid floor and a rooftop with overhead frameworks. There are faculty who are alloted to secluded workplaces where the inhabitants ought to be moved to. Winter storms event obliterating impacts, and they may keep going for a few days. The winter storm is typically joined by high b reezes, downpours or the hail, snowfall and very chilly temperatures. The structure is organized to withstand the tempests and it has a force reinforcement framework that is instrumental if the electrical cables are knocked off by the tempests. The structure is additionally fitted with a warming framework on account of the low temperatures related with the storms.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on The Plan for a Two-story Office Building in Colorado that Houses 50 Employees explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Floods are normally normal and broad and they can be crushing on the off chance that they are not very much overseen. The floods are brought about by substantial downpours, the softening of the day off, and storms in addition to other things. The Building is arranged in a skyscraper scene other than being fitted with acceptable seepage offices. In case of floods, the office is intended to withstand the floods through the extra seepages that are associated with fundamental passages and channels (Federal Emergency Agency, 2006). Fire is unsafe. It is credited to passings, wounds and the loss of property. The fiasco the board plan for this office is intended to forestall fire through successful preparing program for the occupiers. The structure is well fitted with fire quenchers, and the occupiers are given periodical preparing on their utilization. The structure is intended to have a fire get together point, where the occupiers can amass in case of the fire with the end goal of clearing. The debacle the executives structures in the structure are intended to guarantee that the data is all around handed-off and justifiable by the facility’s inhabitants. The structure is obviously set apart with leave signs just as a meaning of the crisis systems as a major aspect of fire avoidance techniques (Federal Emergency Agency, 2006). Tremors are normally unexpected shakings of the earth that are brought about by the quick br eaking and moving of the stones in the earth’s surface. The tremors cause structures to crumple, and this might be trailed by an interruption of power, gas and others administrations. Be that as it may, great pre-arranging controls are instrumental in dealing with the degree of catastrophes. Plainly a steady establishment of the structure might be useful in limiting the degree of dangers related with seismic tremors. The structure is intended to have firm solid dividers, on the grounds that the most serious perils during a seismic tremor are outside the structure. The dividers are all around built to withstand the developments (Federal Emergency Agency, 2006). Man-made Disasters The man-made catastrophes are for the most part connected with innovative rates and human blunders. The primary types of man-made debacles that are related with the structure situation incorporate the unsafe materials mishaps, transportation mishaps, fear dangers, power disappointments and common unse ttling influences. Perilous Materials incorporate flammables, toxics, explosives, toxic, corrosives and radioactive materials among others. These unsafe materials represent a risk to the property just as the individuals in the premises. Fear based oppression is the most horrifying current wrongdoing that objectives such offices. The demonstration makes alarm the occupiers of the structure. To maintain a strategic distance from this, the office is all around arranged and made sure about through sheltered and confined access frameworks that are fitted with unstable locators with kept an eye on passageways. The office is likewise intended to withstand minor explosives.Advertising Searching for paper on design? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More The security faculty are all around prepared to make sure about the office from dangers, and the tenants are all around prepared on the most proficient method to behave in case of an assault. They are given the contact subtleties of neighborhood specialists, who incorporate the police, government organizations, fire offices and the department of liquor, tobacco and guns. These gatherings are ordered to help with arranging and preparing of the representatives (Federal Emergency Agency, 2006). Common aggravations incorporate revolting, picketing and shows, and they represent a security danger to the inhabitants of the property. The security staff are prepared to deal with such

World Suicide Prevention Day

World Suicide Prevention Day MIT is a really stressful place.  Class just started less than one week ago, and I already have four problem sets due and a quiz this week.  Still, I love it here.  This weekend, I played with cats, took a trip to Costco, made pizzas, dressed like a princess, went to the incredible Garment District and got $10 rainboots, and dug through piles of discarded electronics.  The Garment District is one of my new favorite places in Cambridge.  Look at the boots! And here is a picture of my roommate Maggie making pizza!! On a different note, today is World Suicide Prevention Day.  Like I said, MIT is a really stressful place filled with really stressed out people, even if we have many fun times and get really happy.  The work gets to be overwhelming at times, and its important to know that we have so many resources here for people who feel overworked or ill.  Piper H. 13 wrote an awesome post about the different services MIT offers to help students in need of support,  but I think its important to spread additional awareness of what MIT offers to help people on this day. 1) Student Support Services Upperclassmen keep telling me to take advantage of Student Support Services (S^3) if I ever get sick or anything.  S^3 is the support center on campus and if anyone ever feels ill or is having any kind of problem, they can go to S^3 or e-mail them and they will take care of everything.  They will e-mail your professors, talk to you about any issues you are having, and tell you who you can go to if you need certain things.  If you ever need to take any time away from the institute, these are the people to talk to! 2) MedLinks I applied to be a MedLink!!  The program looks really interesting, and I think that itll be a great way to prepare myself for eventually getting my EMT certification.  Anna H. 14 actually posted about it and another advising program a few weeks ago!  She summarized how MedLinks help students stay healthy and are very accessible people that students can talk to at anytime during the year for help with any problems. 3) MIT Medical MIT Medical is right on campus and its free to go there!! My neighbor, Lex, has been feeling sick the past week and hes been going there and they gave him all sorts of medicine and now hes feeling much better!! They will treat anything from a cold to a concussion to a broken arm, and the pharmacy is right there if you need to get any medicine!! 4) Anyone at MIT In all honestly, if I was ever having a problem here I would have absolutely no problem going to any of my fellow MIT students.  My first week at MIT, my grandfather passed away.  I was so lost and actually found out while I was at a public service event for my pre-orientation program, the  Freshman Urban Program (FUP).   I held in my tears and sadness the entire day, but by the end of the night everything built up and I was extremely upset.  My FUP counselors were so considerate and helpful and walked me back to my dorm and held on to me and let me know that I was not alone and that I could miss as many or as little FUP events as I wanted.  They are still there for me if I ever need to talk, and its so easy for anyone here to find someone to talk to.  I feel like theres always someone to talk to here, and Im never completely alone.  The MIT community is really unique in that way. 5) National/State Organizations If you are not at MIT, there are still tons of resources that can help you through tough times. Here are a few: Massachusetts Suicide Crisis Hotlines To Write Love on Her Arms   National Institute of Mental Health National Suicide Prevention Hotline There are so many sources of help here at MIT and in general for people who feel lost or unhappy with themselves. There are always people willing to talk to you, and you should never feel afraid of asking for help. If you want to show extra support for the prevention of suicide around the world, write love on your arms!! I tried to spread word about it via the MIT Class of 2016 Facebook page today, and people were all for it! Raise awareness this week of suicide prevention and work towards making the world a happier place :)

An Australia House - Cool Design by Glenn Murcutt

Sir Gawain And The Green Knight - 963 Words

Sir Gawain’s Standards of Chivalry in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight The Merriam Webster dictionary defines chivalry as the medieval knightly system with its religious, moral, and social code. Sir Gawain, a knight for King Arthur in Pearl Poet’s famous work Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, demonstrates certain standards of chivalry according to the reader. Sir Gawain first portrays these qualities when he remains loyal to King Arthur and accepts The Green Knight’s challenge. Next, Sir Gawain remains honorable to Sir Bertilak by refusing to sleep with his wife, Lady Bertilak, and turning down her request to marry her. Finally, Sir Gawain acts courageously by reporting to The Green Knight a year and a day after accepting his challenge while understanding that The Green Knight will chop off his head. In Sir Gawain and the Green Night, Sir Gawain fulfills the chivalric standards of loyalty, honor, and courage throughout the challenges he faces throughout the story. Loyalty is a chivalric quality that is defined a feeling of strong support fo r someone or something. Sir Gawain fulfills the chivalric standard of loyalty to King Arthur when Sir Gawain accepts the challenge extended by The Green Knight. The feeling of strong support that Sir Gawain shows to King Arthur begins when The Green Knight enters a festival hosted by King Arthur on Christmas Day. The Green Knight extends a challenge to everyone at the festival explaining that one of them can chop his head off at the momentShow MoreRelatedSir Gawain And The Green Knight1359 Words   |  6 PagesIn the poem â€Å"Sir Gawain and The Green Knight,† a protagonist emerges depicting an Arthurian knight named Sir Gawain. Sir Gawain, King Arthur’s nephew, takes initiative by accepting the challenge requested by the Green Knight in place of his uncle. He undergoes a perilous adventure, seeking for the Green Knight to receive the final blow. Although Sir Gawain is not viewed as a hero for his military accomplishments, he is, however, viewed as a heroic figure b y the Knights at the Round Table for hisRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight862 Words   |  4 PagesIn Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, by an unknown author referred to as the â€Å"Pearl Poet,† we are introduced to Sir Gawain. Gawain is a knight of the Round Table and he is also the nephew of King Arthur. As a knight, Gawain is expected to possess and abide by many chivalrous facets. Throughout the poem he portrays many of the qualities a knight should possess, such as bravery, courtesy, and honor among others. Because of his ability to possess these virtues even when tempted to stray away from themRead MoreSir Gawain and the Green Knight1100 Words   |  5 PagesThe poem of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight compares a super natural creature to nature. The mystery of the poem is ironic to the anonymous author. The story dates back into the fourteenth century, but no one knows who originally wrote the poem. This unknown author explains in the poem of Sir Gawain not kno wing of the location of the Green Chapel and or who the Green Knight really is. This keeps the reader entertained with the suspicion of not knowing. The author then does not give his name orRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight Essay1687 Words   |  7 PagesSir Gawain and the Green Knight contains ambiguity and irony that make it interesting to read and teach. Gawain’s conflict arose when he accepted the girdle that could protect him and when he lied to his host, severing fellowship with the lord for courtesy with the lady. By utilizing a social reconstructionist philosophy of teaching that emphasizes personal beliefs and ethics, a teacher will help the students establish their identities and learn to appreciate classic literature. Sir Gawain and theRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight1514 Words   |  7 PagesSir Gawain and the Green Knight is an epic poem written in the mid to late fourteenth century by an unknown author. Throughout the tale, Sir Gawain, a Knight at the Round Table in Camelot, is presented with many hardships, the first being a challenge on Christmas by a man in which, â€Å"Everything about him was an elegant green† (161). This â€Å"Green Knight† challenged someone in Camelot to accept his game which they will chop off his head with his axe and the Green Knight will do the same to the playerRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight1335 Words   |  6 PagesSir Gawain: The Ironic Knight Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is a tale of the utmost irony in which Sir Gawain, the most loyal and courteous of all of King Arthur’s knights, fails utterly to be loyal and courteous to his king, his host, his vows, and his God. In each case, Sir Gawain not only fails to perform well, but performs particularly poorly, especially in the case of his relationship with God. Ultimately, Sir Gawain chooses magic over faith, and by doing so, shows his ironic nature as aRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight906 Words   |  4 Pagesusually the latter. In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight we see Sir Bertilak go off to hunt three very specific animals as a game with Sir Gawain. They agree that â€Å"what ever [Bertilak catches] in the wood shall become [Sir Gawain’s], and what ever mishap comes [Sir Gawain’s] way will be given to [Bertilak] in exchange.† (Sir Gawain†¦, ln 1105-1007). In this deal we slowly see Gawain loose his honor as paralleled with Sir B ertilak’s hunt. The first animal that is hunted by the knight is a deer, while thisRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight Essay1521 Words   |  7 PagesFall 16 Donnelly Many years ago, knights were expected to form a certain type of relationship with their king, this relationship was otherwise known as fealty. Fealty is a knight’s sworn loyalty to their king (in other words a loyal relationship should be formed between the two). The use of this relationship is shown in the poem called â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight† ( the author is unknown). This poem has a classic quest type of formula, with a knight receiving a challenge and then going outRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight1455 Words   |  6 PagesHowever, for Gawain in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight temptation existed around every corner while he was playing the game of the Green Knight. Temptation existed every day and each day it existed in a new way. Gawain never knew what was coming his way throughout the grand scheme of the game, but one thing was for certain he was being tested. Without his reliance religious faith and dedication to his reputation, Gawain wo uld not have been able to make it through the game of the Green Knight alive andRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight Essay1020 Words   |  5 PagesBoth Sir Gawain, from â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight† translated by Marie Borroff, and Beowulf, from Beowulf translated by Burton Raffel, serve as heroes in different times of Medieval English Literature. Many of the basic principles that describe heroes in Medieval Literature are seen in both of these characters even though they were written in different times. There are distinct similarities, differences, and also a progression of what the hero was in English literature, between Sir Gawain and

Stock Options Free Essays

Stock options increasingly dominate CEO pay packages. This column outlines when economic theory suggests that options-heavy compensation is in shareholders’ interests. The answer is that boards of directors are likely giving too many executive stock options. We will write a custom essay sample on Stock Options or any similar topic only for you Order Now As boards of directors have sought to align the interests of managers and stockholders, executive stock options have become an ever-larger fraction of the typical CEO’s total compensation (Murphy 1999). Occasionally this practice has led to aggregate compensation payments that are so large as to mock the very connection they are supposed to encourage. What does economic theory have to say about executive compensation in a dynamic context? From a conceptual perspective, how effective is the granting of stock options in promoting the correct managerial decisions? How confident can we be that when a large fraction of a manager’s compensation assumes this form he or she will be led to undertake the same labor hiring and capital investment decisions that the shareholders would themselves want to undertake if they were similarly informed? Managerial incentives and the design of compensation contracts are the systemic implications of executive remuneration are taken into account, that is, in a general equilibrium context; one finds that for a contract to induce managers to take the correct business decisions in the above sense, it must naturally have the following three features. A significant portion of a manager’s remuneration must be based, in one way or another depending on the context, on her own firm’s performance. This concurs with the general message of a wealth of microeconomics studies. But this is not sufficient. The general contract characteristics must also be such that the manager is not, as a consequence of this first requirement, enjoying an income stream with time series properties that are too different from the time series properties of the income stream enjoyed by shareholders. This later restriction arises because, as is well known, the income and consumption position of a manager will determine his or her willingness to undertake risky projects. Optimal delegation requires that this risk attitude is not too different from shareholders’ own. The second feature may have to be modified if the manager’s risk tolerance is inherently different from that of the shareholders. The typical motivation for stock options (as opposed to pure equity positions) is precisely that the (recurrent) lack of income diversification of a manager may make her excessively prudent (in pursuit of a â€Å"quiet life†). This is the idea behind setting executive compensation according to a â€Å"highly convex† contract, i. e. ne where the upside is really good, but the downside is not so bad. This asymmetry is necessary induce risk averse managers to make the right investment decisions from the perspective of well-diversified stockholders. Are options-dominated contracts warranted? Shareholders receive both wage and dividend income, with the wage or salary component being, on average, the larger of the two. This is an implicati on of National Income Accounting. In the typical modern economy, about 2/3rds of GDP is composed of wages, with capital’s income account for only 1/3. Points 1 and 2 above therefore imply that an optimal contract will have both a salary (with properties close to those of the wage bill) and an incentive component (with properties naturally linked to the income accruing to capital owners) with the former being about twice as large as the latter. The incentive component may take the form of a non-tradable equity position (giving the right to regular dividend payments) or it may be more closely tied to the firm’s stock price itself. Furthermore, both of these components enter linearly into the manager’s compensation function. In today’s business world, the salary component appears to be too small relative to the incentive component. Hall and Murphy (2002) report that the grant date value of stock options represented 47% of average CEO pay in 1999. Equilar, Inc. , an executive compensation advisory firm, reports that stock options awards represented 81% of CEO compensation for the largest 150 Silicon Valley firms in 2006. What happens to incentives if the salary component is too small relative to the incentive component? Such an imbalance between the components of a manager’s compensation will lead to excessive smoothing of the firm’s output from the shareholders’ perspective. They typically prefer a highly pro-cyclical investment policy whereas, without further inducement, the manager will be much more reluctant to exploit the good opportunities and instead select a mildly pro-cyclical or, even, possibly an anti-cyclical investment strategy. This problem is well recognized, and it is the main justification for using highly convex managerial compensation contracts (i. e. options). Convex contracts overcome this possibility by reducing the personal (expected) cost to the manager of increasing the firm’s investment when times are good. If the manager’s preferences are well represented by a logarithmic utility function of consumption, however, then this latter argument does not apply; the manager’s actions will be insensitive to contract convexity. That is, even a compensation contract that is heavily laden with options will not induce managers to alter their behavior one whit. A straightforward application of this logic produces an even more striking result. If the manager happens to be more risk averse than would be dictated by log utility – an entirely plausible configuration – the only way to induce optimal managerial behavior is by using a highly unconventional remuneration package in which the manager’s compensation is inversely related to the firm’s operating results. This would mean a contract that pays high compensation when profits are low and vice versa. In this situation an options laden compensation package will induce the manager to behave in a manner directly opposite to what the shareholders would like. More generally, the degree of contract convexity must be related to the relative risk aversion of the manager as compared to the shareholders and if these quantities are not precisely estimated large welfare losses will ensue. From a theoretical macroeconomic perspective, the circumstances under which a highly convex compensation contract, for example, one that has a large component of options, will properly guide the manager in making the correct hiring and investment decisions are very narrowly defined. It would be surprising if these circumstances were fulfilled in the typical contract case. How to cite Stock Options, Papers

Emotional Intelligence Emotional Quotient

Question: Discuss about the Emotional Intelligence for Emotional Quotient. Answer: Introduction Emotional Intelligence also termed as emotional quotient (EQ) is a key success factor for any individual as well as a team of individuals. The said concept hovers around the fact that a persons personal quality of self perseverance, efficacy, control and regulation has a great impact over the success of an individual as well as the firm. Thus in laymans terms it is the talent and skills of a person to be aware of ones own skills and expertise, to be able to control emotions and to be able to cultivate the emotional factors of ones own self so as to thrive towards achievement of the goals of the business enterprise successfully (Goleman, 2012). Thus its importance cannot be negated. Importance of Emotional Intelligence at Workplace The importances of emotional intelligence at the workplace are many. Understanding about ones own emotional side of life as well as stress managing ability will have a great impact on the physical well being of a person. Along with impacting upon the physical health it also enables to develop a positive outlook towards life. If a persons emotional intelligence is at a high level then he would always manage stressful situations with a positive outlook. Thus the first importance of emotional intelligence that can be viewed in the well being of an individual both physically as well a mentally (Deleon, 2015). If a person has adequate control over its emotions then it leads to a constructive communication of views. It enables to develop strong relationships and also mend stress relations as well. Understanding the needs and desires of the opposite person is a must for success at a workplace as it ensures steering of the ambitions of all people towards achievement of a common goal. Furtherance to the same it adds to leading a team more successfully. Thirdly emotional intelligence holds importance in resolving conflicts at a workplace. If a person knows how to empathize with the existing situations and deal with the emotions of other people with care, resolution of conflicts becomes effortless. If the other persons desires are understood well then it becomes uncomplicated to arrive at a decision which benefits both the parties. Thus the success rate of leaders who have a high emotional intelligence at work is very high as compared to those with a low emotional intelligence (Srivastava, 2013). Instead of grumbling over the failures it enables one to create a more supportive network of people. A more cohesive team building is possible if the leader has a high level of emotional quotient as it is only then when he would be able to provide satisfaction to the team members and guide them towards the common goals of the organization. Two key elements of emotional intelligence Empathy with self responsiblity The two key elements of emotional intelligence are empathy with self responsibility and communication with social skills. These two elements are of utmost importance for enhancing a persons emotional intelligence towards work. First and foremost is an attitude of empathy and assuming self responsibility to the performance of his team members. If the leader is able to understand the feelings and the needs of the other person and behaves sensitively towards the same then he can contribute in building a strong relationship within the organization which would ultimately help to boost the morale of the team as a whole. An empathetic attitude enables development of strong relations. A person who is sensitive towards the feeling of others also knows that blame game will not lead to any good for the organization. He knows that owning up for your mistakes and dealing the same with care portrays a very positive image in front of the other employees and the team members (Beard, (2012). People g ive respect to such leaders who have a high emotional intelligence and further to this an environment of trust is also created. Thus with a positive scenario the success rate of firm increases leaps and bounds and more importantly the individual workers feel self motivated and look at their career graph moving in the upward direction. Greater zeal and higher emotional intelligence leads to development of a strong personality of an individual which helps him to attain success at his workplace with ease. Communication and Social Skills Second key element which helps to drive the emotional quotient of an individual is a persons ability to communicate and develop ones social skills. Communication is the key to success for any leader or other employees at a work place. Clarity in thought process is evident if a person has good communication skills. Further such people also are able to develop a healthy relationship with the society. Emotional intelligence finds its ways to help succeed any kind of a change at the work place with ease. Acumen towards emotions adhere to development of a good listener who responds only after analysing the situation from all possible angles. Responding in an abrupt manner is controlled via this key skill of communication as a part of emotional quotient. Networking building is possible only if the person is expressive towards the societal pressure and communicates in a manner which is acceptable to the crowd (Anand UdayaSuriyan, 2010). This will enable the leader to diffuse intricate issu e with adequate affiliation and negotiation. Thus communication skill along with relationship building with the society as well is a key element of emotional intelligence. Conclusion Thus on summarizing the above with regards what and how emotional quotient contributes to the success of a person at a workplace, it is very evident that isolation is not acceptable. Emotional quotient holds great importance in the success of a person as an individual and from the point of view of his career and the workplace. Understanding and controlling ones emotions and reacting in a more regulated manner by thinking about the other persons view point adds to the success factor of a person at a workplace. Furtherance to this there are certain key elements which contribute to emotional intelligence of which a sharp communicating ability along with network building and assuming self accountability for mistakes and failures are of utmost importance. Referrences Anand, R., UdayaSuriyan, G. (2010). Emotional Intelligence and Its Relationship with Leadership Practices. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(2), 65-76 Beard, M. (2012, March 2). 5 Main Components of Emotional Intelligence [Web Log Post]. Retrieved from https://inspirebusinesssolutions.com/blog/5-main-components-of-emotional-intelligence Brackett, M.A., Rivers, S.E., Salovey, P. (2011). Emotional Intelligence : Implications for Personal , Social , Academic and Workplace Success. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5(1), 88-103 Goleman, D., (2012), Emotional Intelligence: Why it can matter more than IQ, (ebook), Random House Publishing Group: USA Deleon, M. (2015). The importance of Emotional Intelligence at Work. Entrepreneur. Retrieved from https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/245755 Srivastava, K. (2013). Emotional Intelligence and organizational effectiveness. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4085815/.

Organizational Structure Paper

Introduction With globalization and advancement in information technology, enterprises have expanded their operations beyond national borders. Business firms no longer operate in the same geographical regions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Structure Paper specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a result, competition in the global markets has intensified. Businesses have been forced to define better ways of responding more quickly to this change in the business environment. The type of structure adopted by an organization has far-reaching effects on its success in the competitive environment. In order to stay put in business, a business firm must adopt and implement organizational structure that would enable it quickly respond and adapt to the market changes. Case Study: Starbucks Corporation Brief History and Background Starbucks is an international company headquartered in Seattle, Washington. Since its inception in 1971, the company has realized significant growth. It has been expanding its business operations to many countries of the world. Currently, Starbucks Corporation is the largest coffee company in the world. It is estimated to have more than 19,000 stores in 60 countries. The significant achievements of the company are attributed to effective leadership and appropriate organizational structure.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Starbucks’ Organizational Structure (Matrix Structure) Intense competition has forced the company to adopt and implement organizational structure to allow it respond more quickly to rapid changes in the business environment. Starbucks has embraced matrix organizational structure which facilitated grouping of employees by both product and function. Employees in the organization are grouped into teams so that they can take advantage s of each other when accomplishing duties. The structure is flat and differentiated according to functions needed to achieve specific goals. Similarities and Differences between Matrix Structure and Functional Structure Functional structure has also been widely adopted by numerous companies around the world. Notably, functional structure has features similar to those of matrix structure. In both cases, an organization classifies its employees into divisions and allows functions to be integrated. Despite these similarities, they are distinct differences between the two. A matrix structure is more complicated than a functional structure. With a matrix structure, an organization is divided according to products and functions. Therefore, every employee serves two divisions i.e. a product and functional division.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Structure Paper specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More By contra st, functional structure requires an organization to divide its employees basing on their abilities and qualifications. Unlike functional structure, matrix structure encourages employees to share knowledge. Similarities and differences between Matrix and Bureaucratic Structure Both structures are better suited for typically but not large scale organizations. In both structures, employees’ undertakings are intertwined hence they are jointly responsible for outputs of the organization. Organizations which have adopted bureaucratic structures are not differentiated whereas firms which have matrix structure are highly differentiated. Bureaucratic structures are highly standardized while matrix organizations have low standardization. A matrix structure gives an organization a flat structure while bureaucratic structure makes the entire structure of an entity flat. Matrix is a highly decentralized whereas bureaucratic is highly centralized. How Organizational Functions Influence an d Determine Organizational Structure of Starbucks Corporation Basically, an organizational structure defines how tasks are undertaken and reporting relationships which enable a firm to control and coordinate various activities in a bid to attain predetermined goals and objectives. Therefore, an organization must adopt and implement a structure that would facilitate attainment of the stated goals. In the paradigm case, human resources, marketing and finance operations have influenced the company to adopt matrix organizational structure. In order to stay put in the competitive business environment, Starbucks Corporation must be ready to respond to the changing needs and demands of the consumers, and this constitutes marketing functions. The company must react to new customers’ needs and demands.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As such, it must ensure that lead-times for new products and services are reduced. Therefore, the company has to adopt matrix structure since it will allow it to survive in fast-paced environments. Starbucks has adopted aggressive marketing and product-placement business strategy which can only be achieved through departmentalization. In this case, employees’ efficiency and effectiveness is paramount. Division of employees by function and product allows the organization to coordinate their efforts. Starbucks organization values greater flexibility in various business operations. The organizational needs in respect to human resource are changing constantly hence the company must adopt matrix structure as oppose to hierarchical structure. Since the company has various departments, open communication between employees or stakeholders is valuable. The employees ought to share knowledge and cooperate so as to improve quality of products and service delivered to the customers. Matr ix structure is one of the organizational structures that have been proved to open up for communication. For a long time, Starbucks Corporation has been using teams of employees to perform all operations. Previous management of the entity has had the belief that use of teams allows employees to take the advantages and to make up for the limitations of each other. This would enhance maximum production both in short term and long term. How Organizational design Determines Starbucks’ Organizational Structure Starbucks is a customer-based coffeehouse company and it is operating in a fast-paced business environment. The challenge of most companies around the world has been meeting new customers’ demands. Therefore, the company must ensure that it has measures and processes that enhance quick response to the ever-changing needs of the customers. It must have effective and productive workforce at all times so as to guarantee quality products and services. As such, this has ne cessitated the corporation to employ matrix structure so as to adapt easily to the market changes. The structure inspires high degree of readiness to respond promptly to the new demands of consumers. The company handles different projects geared towards meeting the needs of the customers. Therefore, it must assign specialized resources to launched projects when need be. This can be realized only if there is matrix organization. In a classical view, Starbucks’ activities have been grouped into departments in its quest to achieve intended goals and objectives. The company has adopted formal departmentalization which witnessed grouping of various activities by functions. In the United States, the company is operating under four distinct divisions which include Northwest/Mountain, Northeast, Southeast and Western/Pacific. In order to have maximum communication between various departments and division, the company had to embrace matrix organizational structure. The departments and divisions must support the goals and visions of each other, and this mandated the corporation to adopt matrix structure. Conclusion Arguably, an organization structure influence the success of an entity in modern business environment. Starbucks Corporation has realized great deal of achievements due to its matrix organizational structure which has facilitated specialization and efficiency among the employees. It can be concluded that the structure is suited for companies operating in fast-changing environments. This essay on Organizational Structure Paper was written and submitted by user Br0therh00d0fEv1lMutants to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Get Creative! (5 Tips for Writing Poetry and Fiction)

Get Creative! (5 Tips for Writing Poetry and Fiction) Get Creative! (5 Tips for Writing Poetry and Fiction) Here at Proofed, we tend to focus on formal and academic English. But life isn’t all about PhD dissertations and business reports, so today we’re looking at creative writing! The ghost of Oscar Wilde approves. This encompasses many things, from novels and poetry to screenplays and songwriting, each of which requires a different approach. Nevertheless, the following tips should be helpful if youre not sure where to begin with your creative project. 1. Time to Experiment! As mentioned, creative writing includes many different styles and forms. You might already have a good sense of the writing style that suits you, but playing around with different ways of telling the same story or expressing the same idea can lead to interesting places! Likewise, if you’re not sure what kind of creative writing you want to try, reading work by different writers in lots of different styles is a great way of getting inspired. 2. Start Small Maybe you’ve never written any fiction before, yet you’ve had a great idea for the next Harry Potter or Game of Thrones. That’s awesome, but you might want to start with something a bit more succinct before launching into the first volume of your seven-part fantasy epic. Working on shorter stories to begin with will help you develop the skills you need to be a great writer one day. Even George R. R. Martin started out writing about his pet turtles! Knowing GoT, at least one of these guys died by the end of the first chapter. 3. Just Write! We all struggle to write sometimes and getting started can be especially difficult. There are many ways to tackle writer’s block, but one of the best is just to begin writing. This might sound strange, but not letting a lack of inspiration get the better of you is crucial. Even writing a small amount every day will soon add up and you can edit or delete anything you aren’t happy with later on. The important thing is getting some momentum going. 4. Carry a Notebook Coming up with something original is possibly the hardest part of creative writing, so you should carry a notebook around with you to write down ideas as soon as they occur. Keeping a pen and paper by the bed is a good idea, too, since you might be lucky enough to wake up with a great idea for something to write in your head! The Ancient Greek Muses did all their best inspiring at night. 5. Break the Rules! It’s not often that a proofreader will tell you it’s OK to abandon conventional grammar and spelling. Sometimes, however, creative writing requires bending the rules a little. In a novel or a play, for instance, you’ll often have to use informal English if you want dialog to sound realistic. Likewise, since poetry uses language in a very different way to prose, breaking the rules of grammar and spelling can help you to express yourself. Just don’t do the same thing next time you’re writing an academic essay or a report at work!

Impact of Internal Factors on Strategic Planning Essay

Impact of Internal Factors on Strategic Planning - Essay Example rt Macauley decided to rescue victims who survived during the crash and he started dealing with the mission of helping the victim, but he had to deal with the financial issues. The mission of starting the organization of providing disaster and other emergency relief took the stage. Therefore, with the help of Pope John Paul and financial aid from other people; the organization started operating in 1982. The mission of the organization is to restore health, save lives and offer relief services through delivering effective medicines during disaster period or any other emergence cases within America and across the globe. One of the key aspects of the AmeriCares in the internal environment is leadership aspects. Leadership is one of the effective aspects that are taken into consideration in the AmeriCares organization. The organization has varied leaders who are assigned different roles in a hierarchy manner. Marquis and Huston (2009) argue that leadership styles employed in an organization can impact organizational performance in case leaders does not take it into consideration. Different leaders employ leadership styles depending on the environment or leadership behaviors; hence, this might impact strategic planning in the organization (Harrison and Association of University Programs in Health Administration, 2010). AmeriCares  association  is  an independent and fair organization; thus, it recruits leaders with effective skills for managing the company. Thus, leadership skills, behaviors and styles employed by each leader may hinder effective decision making process; thus impacting strategic planning process. Another aspect is the organizational structure within the internal environment. The company is structured in a manner that enables leaders to make an effective decision process when handling significant issues. The flow of information is from the top management leaders to the bottom; thus, poor management and effective communication in the hierarchy may

(option 2) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

(option 2) - Essay Example All the wars and tragedies that occurred in this century were as a result of one thing, indifference. Indifference refers to a state where a person cannot distinguish between cruelty and companion, dusk and dawn, crime and punishment, good and evil, light and darkness. Indifference is an ethical act that is mostly practiced by people who want to live normally, have fine meals, and keep their sanity, while the world around them perish in suffering. Indifference as a vice has made many people to overlook other people’s despairs and pains. In this situation, most people are only interested in striving for their own safety and success, and this makes them to avoid rude interruptions to their dreams, hopes and work. This means that, people who are indifference consider their neighbors’ despairs and pains as of no consequence to their lives. Their indifferences reduce their neighbors to abstractions. For instance, most people who have never been into the prisons are totally unaware of what happens behind the black gates. The prisoners usually perish in suffering, surviving on unhealthy food and wrapped in torn clothes. Most of them have lost their sense of self worthiness, and they are even unaware of where they are: strangers to their environment. Indifference is also an associate of enmity. This is because it usually only benefits the aggressors, but not the victims whose sufferings and pains intensifies as they fee l forgotten and abandoned. The aggressors always do not respond to the plights of hungry children, homeless refugees, and political prisoners in their cells. This makes the victims to lose hope in fighting for a brighter future by regaining their human memory. As we are moving into a new millennium, it is important for people who are still indifference to learn from the Nineteenth Century’s events that, this act is not only a sin, but it is also a punishment. With indifference, it

Survey on Sanitary Conditions and Hygiene

Survey on Sanitary Conditions and Hygiene ABSTRACT Mauritius is known as a paradise island, attracting thousands of tourists each year. During the last two decades this sector has undergone a rapid development making it one of the most important pillars of our economy. Nowadays our country relies a lot on this industry as it is a source of revenue for foreign currency. Our hotels accommodate the majority of this population. Hotels provide them with basic accommodation such as lodging and food facilities. Therefore any wrong management in this sector can make drastic changes to our economy. The Government did a lot to promote this sector, by amending laws protecting the environment while other authorities are working hard to avoid propagation and controlling communicable diseases. Therefore hotels have an important role in maintaining a good hygienic level and also in the fight of controlling any diseases or infections by reporting them to the authorities concerned. Thus a study was carried out to study the general sanitary practices of medium size hotels of Mauritius. Fifty hotels were selected at random throughout the island. Two survey questionnaires were designed. Questionnaire 1 was designed for my personal view to assess the hygienic conditions of food preparation area, rooms and other facilities available whereas questionnaire 2 was designed to assess the knowledge of the food handlers concerning various issues. After carrying out the surveys, it was found that simple hygienic practices were lacking among the food handlers. Moreover some hotels sanitary conditions were not satisfactory concerning certain issues, thus not complying with the recommended laws. Good sanitary facilities were not provided by the hotels management. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Overview A hotel is an establishment providing paid lodgement on short time basis. It provides basic accommodation consisting of room with bed, toilet and bathroom and water facility. It also provides food for room service daily and has its own restaurant (Wikipedia, 2010). Therefore it must have a high level of hygiene. Hotels accommodate adults, children and old persons. People coming from all parts of the world. These people are strangers with different life styles and different personal hygiene levels. A good degree of hygiene in the hotel establishment is therefore necessary to counteract any hygienic problems that may arise. Therefore hotels must provide services of good quality with trained personnel. The level of hygiene of staffs must be considered as priority. The workers must cope with all sanitary regulations for themselves to be clean and not to be the cause of any infection spread. Hotels are regulated because of cleanliness reason and sanitary practices which help to prevent the spread of diseases and parasites. Inspections are made to ensure they operate safely complying with all regulations such as Public Health Act, Safety and Health Act or the Food Act. (FAQ, 2010). From a research carried out by Environmental Health Division in the United States, inspections carried out by the inspectors were mainly to have a visual examination for overall cleanliness and soundness of building construction. Moreover simple inspections were done concerning proper washing of dishes like cups and glasses, proper laundering of bed and bath linens. Other inspections performed were to look in the maintenance of other room furnishings and for the absence of rodents and insects that are of great importance in preventing diseases. These inspections are effected according to the Tourist Accommodation Regulation (Environmental Health, 2010). Hotels are inspected at least once per year and sometimes much more depending on complaints arising from the public. In United States, Fire Marshal approval is an important factor else no permit is delivered (Environmental Health,2010). . In Mauritius hotels license are issued after approval of an EIA and compliance of all health codes. Food hygiene training is an important factor in hotels. Adopting a safe food handling practice is an important factor for effective management of food safety. A study carried out by the International Journal of Environmental Health Research on food hygiene training practices by interviewing managers and food handlers. It showed that most of the food handlers had undertaken formal food hygiene training courses but many others did not and still were preparing food, including high risk foods. Pre-training support and on-going supervision was absent, thus limiting its effectiveness. It is believed that food handlers are in many cases causes of food contamination (Taylor and Francis, 2008). Researches effected in Wales, showed many that hotels were criticised for a number of failures. Numerous high risk foods were kept past their use by dates. Chopping boards were in a state that could no longer be disinfected properly due to their worn state while mouldy plastic bread containers were also spotted. Other hotels were criticised for inadequate level of food hygiene awareness among its staff while another had a leaking cellar roof (Woodrow, 2009). Other researches reported that in United States, there were cases where rooms were causes of sickness where housekeeping staff was not properly doing their job (Conrad,2008). In New York, during an inspection it was observed that a hotel room was infested by bed bugs, mice and other vermin (Riverside Studio, 2009). Studies carried out in other parts of the world have demonstrated that hotels often lack a good hygiene level. Carelessness of workers lead to food contamination and other infections. However our country is not the best compared to them. This study is being carried out to investigate the level of hygiene in our medium size hotels of Mauritius. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Aims of the study The aim of the study is to assess the level of hygiene present in medium size hotels of Mauritius. Food handlers are to be assessed concerning food hygiene practices in food processing area. Housekeeping staffs are to be assessed about the importance of hygiene in rooms and also evaluating the level the knowledge of workers concerning communicable diseases. Recommendations were also made for improvements. Objectives of the study The objectives of the study are to: Taking a sample size of at least 50 hotels around Mauritius to have an overview evaluation of the level of hygiene over the whole island. Carry out a survey for my personal view of hygiene in hotels. Carry out a second survey to assess the knowledge of workers about hygienic importance in their working place Compare the sanitary facilities available in these hotels to the law requirements. Analyse the data and to make propose recommendations for improving the level of hygiene and the sanitary facilities available. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW Hygiene Hygiene is described as the science of preserving health in connection to cleanliness. It compromises all those measures necessary to detect and prevent infection and intoxication which may be harmful to health. The aim of a good hygiene is to provide consumers with both a good service and safe food. It involves all measures directed to ensure a safe and good quality product and service. Hygiene is an important factor in a business as it helps to protect and also promote ones reputation. In order to have all these, it is a must to comply with all Acts Regulations made in the law (schurmann,2008). Food poisoning Food poisoning is one result of poor hygienic practices. We are surrounded by tiny living organisms that cannot be seen without a microscope. These organisms are called microorganisms. Some are harmless whereas those which are harmful are called pathogens. They are found everywhere. An example is Staphylococcus aureus living on the skin as a normal flora. The same bacteria if in contact with food, can cause food poisoning. This is one of the most common food poisoning bacteria. Another example is E.Coli living naturally in our intestines for breaking down of food, but when in the urinary tract, it causes serious infections (Frazier W, 1995). Contamination can be made by different bacteria such as Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium botulinum. The symptoms arising when consuming food harboring these harmful bacteria are familiar to most people. They are namely vomiting, headache, abdominal pain and diarrhea. There is loss of fluid through vomiting and diarrhea in most severe cases. Those who are more prone to such risk are youngs and elderly or already ill people. Therefore sanitary conditions play an important role in preventing such disease to happen. Necessary precautions must be taken at all stages in food preparation and most important when this concerns bulk production of food as in hotels (JFraser,Microbiology Book). To prevent food poisoning there are three main things that can be done: stop the bacteria from multiplying by : Bacteria reproduce very if they get suitable conditions: moisture, food, warmth, and time Therefore it is important to prevent such conditions by using proper storage. stop bacteria getting onto the food Keeping food covered Handling food as little as possible Keeping raw and cooked foods separate Keeping animals and pests out of the kitchen Disposing of rubbish in covered bins destroy the bacteria in the food only a few bacteria are able to survive temperatures higher than 70o C. This is why it is important to cook food thoroughly. Food such as meat and vegetables should be chopped into small pieces to ensure cooking. Food that is reheated, should be used only once. The left overs should be discarded. Frozen food should be well defrosted before cooking as it may happen that inner part remain uncooked. Food borne diseases Food-borne disease arises when contaminated food is ingested containing a pathogen. This pathogen causes problems only because of the fact that it reproduces inside the human body which provides all necessary factors for its development. Poor food handling and bad sanitation practices are commonly the cause of food-borne diseases in food establishments. One example is the gut bacteria Escherichia coli causing food-borne disease. It may be present through faecal or other source of contamination. E.coli caused 20 deaths and 200 other cases in Lanarkshire, Scotland in 1996 which needed to be treated during the outbreak. This bacteria is particularly dangerous because few bacterial cells, possibly 20 minimum need be ingested by a person to cause severe symptoms( Maff, 2000). A study carried out in Mekelle Town in Ethiopia to determine the sanitary conditions in 420 establishments including small hotels showed that latrines, hand washing basins, proper type of solid waste disposal and tap water were available at 96.9% , 57.1 % , 39.2% and 93.6% respectively. Proper dish washing and food storage practices were observed at 46% and 52% respectively. But poor personal hygiene among the workers and food handlers were observed. Staphylococcus aureus and E.Coli were found in utensils at a high level which can only result from poor hygienic practices of the workers. (Ethiop.J.Health Dev. 2007). It was observed that sanitary conditions were maintained but however there were conditions where there was non adherence in workers. Our country is not an exception to such food-borne outbreaks. The sanitary inspectors of the Ministry of Health are here to give support to avoid such problems. Water borne diseases Water contamination is common worldwide. The category affected is mainly young people and elders having a poor immune system. A study was carried out in India about the water hygiene behaviours in hotels and restaurants few years ago. It showed that contamination in drinking water is made by man and usually due to improper storage, handling and serving which leads to serious water borne diseases. It has been noticed that in a drinking water sample of 340, 69.1% were non-potable water and 73.2 % had presence of E.Coli due to human faecal matter. Causes to this outbreak were poor hygiene behaviours, storage and handling practices which was known to deteriorate the water quality. This could have been improved by educating the workers and food handlers in these hotels and restaurants. This can result to illness of mainly diarrhoea and vomiting, whereas other symptoms include fever, abdominal pain, headache and giddiness (Pubmed,2003). General sanitary requirements in hotels People normally visit a hotel for short-term basis. There is a continuous flow of incoming and outgoing people. Different people from different countries stay in same room. Therefore rooms must be well sanitized and disinfected after each visit. Aeration and ventilation is important. Cleanliness and sanitary practices play an important role in maintaining this balance. It helps to prevent the spread of diseases and parasites not only to tourists but also our general population. Hotels are therefore inspected to make sure that it copes with the law and that they operate safely following the Health Codes (Lockyer,2003). Points that are inspected and controlled for aiming a good cleanliness and soundness of building facility are : Absence of pests such as rodents and insects Proper handling and storage of trash Proper laundering of bed linens and bed Proper washing of utensils such as plates ,cups and glasses No hazards due to infrastructure of building facility Cloakroom accommodation for staffs Proper services such as power, heat, water General maintainance of area to eliminate potential breeding places for mosquitoes or other vectors No domestic animals in area Fire safety and emergency exits Good hygiene rules Consumer satisfaction is prior to all. Thus a good service and hygienic food and water are important. Rooms should be well maintained. Housekeeping department plays an important role. It is the backbone of any good hotel. Employees of housekeeping department are made responsible for maintenance, as they have to visit each room every day to set the room for same the guest or the next guest. During their routine visit, they check all the possible electric point, water points, gadgets, while replacing linen, soap, shampoo, towel, etc other important factors are listed below. Sanitary design premises should be assessed and designed in such a way to reduce health hazards. Personal Hygiene and Food handlers One must be educated about hygiene and to start oneself should be hygienic in all aspects and should possess a food handlers certificate. Cleanliness Working environment should be maintained clean. There should be a high standard of cleanliness, most important for those handling food stuffs. Awareness knowledge of hygiene practices in work place, communicable diseases awareness. Hands Skin Hand is the main route for contamination. Therefore to avoid food poisoning bacteria to get in contact with food, water and soap must be used for washing time to time. Mouth, nose ear it is the route for staphylococcus bacteria to enter food through coughing, sneezing and scratching. Therefore necessary precautions should be taken be avoid these during food preparation. Sanitary conditions in restaurants A good hygiene is required in food premises to make sure food is safe. It prevents food poisoning and prevent spreading of any communicable diseases resulting from careless personnel or caterers handling food stuffs. Rules such as Cleanliness, Cooking, Chilling and Cross Contamination should be well observed while handling food. Food safety and hygiene practice using Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) is recommended by WHO and FAO to maintain a good quality of food and services (Silva, 2001). Trained personnel should preferably be employed. Facilities such as proper dustbins, wash hand basins and toilets should be made available for the workers. Points that should be observed in aiming a good and safe food hygiene are: ood handlers Certificate Floors (smooth clean) Ceilings / Walls maintained properly Utensils properly washed sterilized Proper sanitary design of kitchen Fly proof and rodent proof Storage accommodation of foods Disposal of waste (Solid and Liquid) Drainage system Wash hand easily available Good aeration / temperature /Humidity Work area spacious enough for workers Showers facility for workers(Working Day / Night) Hygiene in kitchen All employees working in food premises either in the task of preparation, handling or serving food should possess a food handler certificate after having followed a medical inspection by a doctor. They should have a satisfactory knowledge of hygiene and cleanliness and be aware of possible problems caused of improper food handling. Health education plays an important role in promoting food and personal hygiene. All staffs should be given appropriate training. Health inspectors have an important work in providing health education by promoting awareness of dangers of food poisoning and poor hygiene practices Medical certificate The law states that every food handler involved in food business should be in possession of a valid medical certificate. This food handler certificate is issued by a G.M.O and is valid for only 3 years and has to be renewed each year. This certifies that its owner is in good health and is not suffering from any communicable diseases (Food Regulation, 1999) (refer to Appendix 2). Obtention of medical certificate The person has to call at the Health Office of the Ministry Of Health of his region with his national identity card and with two photo passport. An appointment is given for a session of talk on hygienic practices and after due accomplishment, the latter is examined by a Regional Public Health Superintendent (RPHS). Thereafter if the person is observed to be in good health, the certificate is obtained(Food Regulation,1999) Working environment The standard of cleanliness of factory and its workers is a reflection of the standard of efficiency of management and the morale of the working population. Provision has been made in the Occupational Safety and Health Act 2005 concerning welfare of workers and overcrowding in place of work. It says that a place of work shall not be overcrowded as it can cause risks of health injury of the employees. It is mentioned that the space allowed shall not be less than 11 cubic metres per workers (OSHA, 2005, Appendix 3). Kitchen is an example where there is often overcrowding of workers in hotels. Smoking The personnel should be well educated and trained about hygiene in a workplace. Employees should not smoke during work, mainly during preparation of food or while handling any food stuffs or utensils. Smoking is prohibited by law in any public places and moreover smoking in a food preparation area can pass diseases from an individual to another. Customers also can be contaminated. Smokers can transfer harmful bacteria from their mouth to food and thereafter, consumers of these foods may ingest these bacteria in turn. These bacteria can be harmless on the carrier but harmful to another person. Communicable diseases Any person suffering from a communicable disease, boils, sores, acute respiratory infection or bleeding wounds should not be allowed to work in any food premises. A list of these diseases is listed in (Appendix 4). All communicable diseases should also be reported to the Health Offices for treatment. Therefore all employees should possess their food handler certificate and renew it every year by a doctor to ensure that safe food and services are provided to customers. The law has made provisions concerning infectious or communicable diseases. It is said that the occupier of any premises in which a patient resides shall give notice to Sanitary Authority or if visited by a medical practitioner and it is confirmed that the patient is suffering from an infectious disease, health inspector of the region shall made aware of the existence of the disease , name of the patient, the situation of the premises and name of the occupier. (Public Health Act,Appendix 5). Preventing food contamination We should not forget the motto PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE . Prevention of food contaminations is a must. Appropriate preventive measures should be taken. Employees should give attention to personal hygiene and the working habits in a hotel kitchen. Body should be kept clean by washing and bathing. Hands should be washed at least on every occasion when entering food preparation zone. Hands and arms should he washed thoroughly using soap and water after each visit to the toilet. Avoid use of common towel (use paper that are disposable). Wear clean and washable overall preferably white Keep hands away from mouth, nose ,hair ,ear while working Do not eat while handling food/ preparation Do not wipe hands on overall Use spoons, forks , tongs instead of hands in preparation Avoid useless blabbering while working Smoking, spitting should e avoided in working area Obey food safety signs Keep work area clean Staff facilities maintained in good hygienic conditions A research carried out in 2004 in a popular hotel of Egypt after a major outbreak of Hepatitis A where 351 tourists was contaminated showed that there was poor sanitation, no proper health education and medical examination. An infected worker with imperfect hand hygiene and who was in contact with sewage-contaminated water was the source of this huge outbreak. (Eurosurveillance, 2006) Concerning food safety, the WHO has initiatives for surveillance programme with objectives of a development of an international food safety network, application of HACCP and development of a safety information system. (WHO, 2004). Storage of food Food storage is important industrially. Hotels prepare food for hundreds of persons daily. Therefore a good storage system is necessary. Area should be pest proof, warm, clean and not humid. There are three main categories of food requiring different storage methods. Dry food should be kept in a warm place and not humid to avoid spoilage by microorganisms growth. Chilled food should be stored at an appropriate low temperature, and precautions should be taken in case of electricity cut. Canned food should be verified before using. Stock rotation is important concerning canned products. It is important that you rotate and use your food storage (Caldwell M, 2006). Storage of water An ample supply of water should be provided with adequate facilities for its storage and adequate protection against contamination. Water is used both in food preparation and rooms for toilets and bathrooms. Many aquatic microorganisms can survive and flourish in water with minimal nutrients and can be transferred to people with poor immune system. A study conducted in United States described how gastroenteritis is a common outbreak in hotels. Unsteady state flow and stagnation in distribution systems affect the biological stability of drinking water which promotes bacterial accumulation (Dippold L et al, 2000). Therefore it is important that tanks are fitted tightly with lids and that they are regularly cleaned and sampled for chemical and bacteriological analysis. Cleaning frequency is an important factor. The tanks should be verified in case of rusting of any parts and dates should be noted at each cleaning done. (Logan G, 2008). Tanks should be cleaned at least once every trimester for proper maintainance to avoid microorganism proliferation. Waste disposal A hotel can be considered as a microcosm in itself having the potential of producing all kinds of waste that is hazardous. Hazardous waste comes in many different shapes and forms: it can be liquid, solid, gas or sludge, and more often it is poured down sinks directly or discharged to regular waste stream (Patel A, 2008). The types of waste generated in hotels and their sources are listed below. However there are two main types of hotel waste, solid(dry),known to be non-biodegradable and liquid(wet),biodegradable wastes. The risk and problem that arises are odour, unaesthetic and it acts as breeding place for vector of diseases (flies, rats, rodents), thus a nuisance to health (Wagh V, 2005). Solid waste Solid waste is described as materials of no longer value and which is not meant to be discharged through pipe. These dry wastes comprise of plastic bottles, papers, plastic wrappers, HDPE bags etc. These wastes should not be mixed with the wet waste which may produce bad odor and dirty look. They should be disposed in dry places for storage until collection is done (Wagh V, 2005). Liquid waste Liquid waste is simply discharged in sinks. Wet waste comprises of food and vegetable. Most hotels kitchen sinks are fitted with a garbage disposer (garburator) which is a device installed under the kitchen sink between drain and pipe which shred waste into pieces enough to pass them through plumbing. Grease traps are also fitted to prevent drains to be blocked from fats, oil and grease. Some hotels also provide septic tanks to avoid potential problems that may occur in case there is blockage of main sewage pipes provided by the Government. Elimination of mosquito breeding places The hotels management does the necessary to avoid spreading of diseases. Potential breeding places for vectors are eliminated by draining all roofs water accumulation at least twice a week and insecticides are sprayed. All ponds and garden water are regularly checked and all bottles or containers are removed and bushes like the grass are well maintained. The Ministry Of Health also provide services for spraying insecticides on a regular basis (MOH, 2009 Health surveillance of tourists Tourist can be responsible for spreading of diseases. One recent case notified was in 2009 where the first case of H1N1 flu virus was detected in a French tourist. The Ministry Of Health has provided officers for this specific duty. Health surveillance Officers are responsible to contact every incoming passengers in order to know their health condition on arrival to Mauritius. The hotel management plays an important role as they need to report any kind of communicable diseases occuring in their residence (MOH Health, 2009). The Ministry Of Health has a list of infectious and communicable diseases that are controlled closely as shown in (Appendix 4). CHAPTER 3 : METHODOLOGY Methodology A survey was carried out and two questionnaires were designed where one was for personal view and opinion about the working place and food handlers and the second, to assess the workers and their knowledge to food hygiene.50 hotel in all were chosen throughout Mauritius. Random selection will give a broader view of hygiene in hotels around the island. List of hotel was obtained from the Tourism Authority at Port-Louis and some details obtained at the Municipality and Health offices. The Questionnaires Questionnaire for Personal View of Foodhandlers, Checklist for Kitchen and environment (room, garden, Swimming pool). (Appendix 6) Questionnaire for personal hygiene for the workers (Appendix 7) The questionnaire (Appendix 6) is a checklist concerning the number of workers, personal hygiene at sight, state of preparation area and toilet in the hotel kitchen. The workers who were pointed were mainly cooks, waiters and maids who work in hotel restaurant. A walkthrough was done where access was granted by the management in the kitchen to assess the level of hygiene of the workers and to inspect if they practice personal hygiene. The toilets were also seen and mess rooms. The second part of the questionnaire was dedicated for rooms and the environment such as garden. Points that were observed during the walkthrough inspection were: No of Personnel Sanitary conditions Water availability Lighting Ventilation Refuse disposal Toilets and bathrooms The second questionnaire was designed for food handlers to assess their knowledge about hygienic practices and food poisoning. CHAPTER 4: RESULTS Results and Findings Possession of food handlers certificate among workers General personal hygiene among workers The below bar chart shows the general personal hygiene maintained among workers at work and it can be concluded that 98% of them keep their hands clean, 94% keep their fingernails clean, 75% have their hair covered, 100% keep their body clean. But it could also be observed that only 25% of them keep their overall clean and 13% of them had nail varnish. Wall conditions of kitchens The wall conditions of the kitchens were surveyed and was found to have the following structures ; 82% of them are waterproof, 88% can be observed to be clean, 93% are washable, 82% are without crevices, 94% are painted white and 86% of them are tiled up to 2 meters from floor. Ventilation From figure 6, it can be seen that 83% of the hotels had adopted a good ventilation system using air conditioner for ease of workers while 17% of them did not have appropriate ventilation system. Lighting Figure 7 describes the lighting condition in the preparation area. 78% of the hotels were seen to provide a good lighting system for the workers and 22% had lighting system not satisfactory. Provision for refuse disposal Refuse disposal availability was surveyed and was found that 50% had foot operated pedal bins,70% of the garbage bins were cleaned and disinfected regularly,75% had their bins covered while 95% removed them daily. Room management Room conditions were observed to be at 72% satisfactory. 28% was seen to have a bad room management. Frequency of changing Blanket on bed From Fig 10. it can be observed that 80% of hotels changes bed blanket regularly,5% on a weekly basis and 15% when it seems necessary to do so that is when seen dirty. Bathroom and toilets sanitary conditions From the result obtained during the survey, it has been found that toilets and bathrooms in rooms are at 70% and 75% clean respectively. . Detergents Distribution The figure below gives detail of the type of detergents commonly used in hotels for sanitizing and cleaning purposes and their percentage used. Knowledge of food poisoning During the survey it was observed that only 40% of workers interviewed had a satisfactory knowledge of food poisoning and answered yes to the question whereas the other part could not give explanation food poisoning. Validity of food handlers certificate Professional training by employer From the survey carried out among workers, it was found that among the 70% of workers who were in possession of a food handlers certificate, only 55% of them were valid while 15% of them were

An After Thought of Short Stories

Was he trying to tell us something that we already knew but were to blind to see? Well when I read the quote I immediately thought of two short stories After the Sirens by Hugh Hood, and Here There Be Tygers by Ray Bradbury. When reading these two pieces of material one can easily decipher that there is no validity to conflicts that end in death because then no one wins. In both of these stories the authors have depicted their philosophy on chaos and disaster even though it was not said in those exact words. Therefore, because the two stories have no relation there is a contrast in the message being sent to us. This specific quote by Jefferson creates a mood for the readers to kind of set the setting for the whole idea of disaster. When using settings the authors are very careful to include certain details that will help the reader to picture in there mind what exactly is taking place. Hugh Hood did a very good job at this when he wrote the short story After the Sirens. This particular story took place at 4:45 in the morning, in North America somewhere close to New York City. Hood set several moods throughout the story such as frustration, panic, confusion and hysteria to allow the reader to feel what the characters felt. In Here There Be Tygers Ray Bradbury set the time frame to a futuristic point of view on Planet 7 of star system 84. In this particular short story Bradbury describes the planet in great detail giving the reader a feel for the great beauty of the wonderland referred to as a planet. One of the characters decides that he wants to use the planet to his benefit and then get the hell out of there, but as he soon finds out things do not exactly go as he plans. Therefore one can tell that the setting is one of the most important characteristics of a story of any kind. A character is a person involved in a play, story, etc used to create personality. In After the Sirens the father of the family was made the main character and was portrayed as a hero like figure. He knows exactly what to do and how to handle the situation. He stays calm in order to save his family from any major damage. Another of the main characters was the wife. She was the exact opposite of the husband in the fact that she was totally hysterical. She added to the panic and allowed the reader to feel what she was feeling. Other characters in the story included the baby who did not really play a significant role in the whole idea, and the news broadcaster. The news broadcaster was also filled with a huge amount of hysteria and panic and set the whole mood for the reader. In the story Here There Be Tygers the main character was an uncaring, selfish man named Chatterton. He was more concerned of what he could get from the planet than the good the planet could do for him. Some of the changes that occurred with this character include the major fact that he dies due to his rude and careless behavior that caused the planet to take action and kill him. Other characters that had some what of a significant role include; Driscoll, the man who stayed on the planet after he took a great liking to it, then there was Captain Forester the leader of the whole expedition, and lastly Koestler who was basically just a follower along for the work and not really noticed a great deal. Theme is the whole topic or idea that the author chooses to illustrate to the reader. The message that Hugh Hood while writing After the Sirens was sending to his reader was basically that war is pointless, no one wins and no one looses and the innocent bystanders are always the ones to get caught in the middle. Some specific quotes that Hood included in the reading were: Over in half an hour, and nobody won, as well as How many died asked the father. Everybody in the area, almost no exceptions. Youre a statistic now, thats what you are.. Lastly Hood said that They were the seventh, eighth, and ninth living persons to be brought there after the sirens.. Ray Bradburys main message that he was trying to send in Here There Be Tygers was that we should respect planets even if they dont belong to us. There is no point to destroying it because soon enough there wont be anything left to destroy and then where does that leave you Some particular Quotes used were I have to much respect for other worlds to treat them the way you want to as well as the idea suggested by Forester the perhaps the planet was a woman waiting for visitors for millions of years. Preparing herself, making herself beautiful, and putting on her best face. When Chatterton treated her badly, she warned him a few times, and then when he tried to ruin her beauty she eliminated him. In conclusion one can see that the whole idea that was sent by each author was not said exactly in the words most were looking for but described through the theme to send out a message to each reader. Simply by pointing out certain topics such as setting, character and theme to help get the point across can prove the contrast between stories. Basically the events that occurred throughout each story most certainly have become clearer pointing out the setting and how it changes and the moods it sends to the reader. As well the character area points out the protagonist and how he/she changes and some of the other significant characters. Lastly, the theme part of the idea explains more clearly the authors purpose and certain quotes, ideas and messages that he wrote to help the reader to understand it better. In conclusion one can see that it helps a reader to understand short storys, novels etc when such topics as setting, character and theme can be clearly stated.

Internal and External factors at Wal-Mart Essay

In 1962, Sam Walton opened the first Wal-Mart store and the retailing giant has been rising to success ever since. Various factors have played an integral role in the success of Wal-Mart, but without the strong execution of the four functions of management, Wal-Mart would have failed like many others. This paper will discuss in detail the how internal and external factors affect the four functions of management. GlobalizationIn 1993 Wal-Mart formed their International Division which was crucial to their success because they needed to remain competitive with other industry giants. When Wal-Mart entered a new country, careful planning was conducted to meet the demands of that specific country. A recent special on the history of Wal-Mart showed their expansion into China. Wal-Mart’s president did not realize that most families in China do not own a washer and dryer. Therefore, Wal-Mart removed all their detergents designed for machine washing and replaced them with detergent especially for hand washing. Wal-Mart brings thousands of people into their stores worldwide who are looking to begin a new career, as well as, shop. Without the organization of each department within Wal-Mart’s facilities, harmony within the company would crumble. Employees from every department work together to achieve the goals set for each store. Wal-Mart’s goal is to be the largest retailing organization in the world, and has achieved such status by adhering to strict organizing standards. Wal-Mart believes that in order to be a good leader, you must inspire trust and be rewarding. A statement Sam Walton once said is the motto Wal-Mart employees live by: â€Å"It’s more important than ever that we develop leaders who are servants, who listen to their partners – their associates – in a way that creates wonderful moral† (walmartstores.com, n.d.). This way of thinking has been passed down to all employees and has proven to create a productive work environment. Wal-Mart continuously finds ways to guarantee their over-all success by controlling and monitoring the plans they set out. Ideas that work in one  market, may not work in others. In order to find what works best for each market, new ideas are implemented and tracked for success. Ideas that prove to be successful can then be tried in other markets. In order for Wal-Mart to continue to grow, dynamic ideas are required of management frequently. TechnologyTechnology played a big part in the globalization of Wal-Mart. By 1975, Wal-Mart had over 125 stores and $340.3 million in sales. At this time they leased the IBM 370/135 computer system. This system allowed them to maintain inventory control for all merchandise in the warehouse and distribution centers, including prepare income statements for each store. From 1975 to 2004, Wal-Mart experienced a number of changes relating to technology which included in 1983, the company began using the bar coding system which identifies to the system what item the customer is purchasing and its cost. In 1987, they completed the largest satellite communication system that linked the company as whole with two-way voice, data and one-way video communication. (2006)As the company continued to experience phenomenal growth they had to look at newer forms of technology to keep up with the development of so many stores. In 2004, the company announced that it would deploy the radio frequency identification (RFID) technology on January 1, 2005 (2006). This technology allowed their central management system to track new shipments, product purchases, and alerted them when items need to be re-stocked via a wireless communication (Plunkett, 2008). Wal-Mart uses technology to enhance all areas of its business. A one-hour online photo center, for example, allows customers to download photos and pick up the photos at the store of their choice within an hour. In the past, the customer would download the photos and wait for them to be mailed. On the music side, a pilot program involving in-store kiosk at 100 stores lets shoppers buy one song off a CD without purchasing the whole CD. The kiosks let shoppers create custom CDs that can hold up to 100 songs. The finished CD is then picked up at the one-hour photo center. In pharmacy, new technology allows personnel to retrieve a patient’s prescription information at any location simply by knowing the patient’s name and type of medication. The patient does not have to know his or her prescription number, insurance information or at what store the prescription was originally filled  (Wal-Mart Technologies Enhance Visible and Behind-Scenes Services, July 2005). InnovationWal-Mart’s continued drive towards innovation sustains its global footprint. Wal-Mart continues to be a leader in the business world. It’s evident that Wal-Mart strives continually to introduce new and different ways to market their business and uphold competitive advantage and introduce new ways to build relationships with employees, customers, and the humanitarian world. Wal-Mart’s resourcefulness is widely shown in their in-bound logistics. Wal-Mart’s satellite network is the largest private satellite communication system in the United States, this along with its strategic locations for their distribution centers have given them another competitive edge. Unlike other competitors who house less than half of their inventory in distribution centers, Wal-Mart houses over 80 percent in their distribution center; this purpose being more sales space for the stores and 100 percent in-stock position. To cut costs Wal-Mart places distribution centers in locations that allow for no more than a day’s drive between stores. In addition, Wal-Mart’s satellite communication system enables all stores to share information with the distribution center and between the distribution center and its vendors. This communication method allows for an accurate assessment of inventory needs and cuts down inventory overstock. Wal-Mart is now aiming their innovative techniques towards the up-in-coming green trend. The company has created experimental stores that save energy, conserve natural resources, and reduce pollution. Just one example of Wal-Mart’s focus to conserve natural resources and reduce pollution is their efforts to only sell concentrated detergents. This effort is estimated to have an impact that will save more than 400 million gallons of water, more than 95 million pounds of plastic resin, and more than 125 million pounds of cardboard (Walmart.com, 2008). These are just some examples of Wal-Mart’s innovative spirit. Wal-Mart’s clear innovative drive continues to move the company into new and exciting ventures. Diversity Now the internal and external factors that impact the four functions of management (planning, organizing, leading, and controlling) at Wal-Mart come from all parts of the company such as: the board of directors, associates, suppliers, and customers. For example, the Wal-Mart web site states that their â€Å"†¦commitment to Diversity and Inclusion helps†¦Ã¢â‚¬  them â€Å"†¦build and retain a diverse workforce and supplier base† and that commitment is extended â€Å"†¦into the communities where†¦Ã¢â‚¬  they â€Å"†¦work and live through various community outreach programs† (walmartstores.com, n.d.). In addition Bateman & Snell (2007) express that â€Å"†¦you should devote adequate attention and resources to all four functions† of management (p. 18). The Wal-Mart web site indicates that the company values diversity and have made it part of their business plan which is part of their success. Now with that in mind, Wal-Mart has recently been recognized as one of the â€Å"Best Companies for Asian Pacific Islanders† by the Asian Enterprise magazine, which offers a good indication that Wal-Mart has devoted adequate attention and resources to the use of all four functions of management. Now a note from the successful retail giants:As the world’s largest retailer, we value diversity and foster a working environment that enriches the personal and professional experiences of our associates, promotes excellence, and cultivates the intellectual and personal growth of the entire associate population. We make diversity part of our business plan, ensuring we can continue to be a global leader in all aspects of Diversity and Inclusion. (walmartstores.com, n.d.)EthicThe American federation of labor-congress of Industrial suggest that Wal-mart was intended to be sex discriminative to poverty-level wages with the term Wal-mart on their problem to drive some business away and they was hopeful that it was going to be enough to alter the companies policies. This is supported by the center for community and corporate ethics. Wal-mart was tired of this allegation, so they launched a blitz ad in about 100 newspapers, to let everyone know that â€Å"Wal-mart is working for everyone.† â€Å"Spokesperson Sarah Clark denies that the company’s low prices depend on low wages.† Bernstein (2005). The labor leaders believe  that the AFL-CIO wants Wal-mart to look bad with a new publicity campaign. The Wal-mart labor’s plans have stayed the same because of all the negative publicity and it has hurt the employees’ morale of the Wal-mart Inc. Chris Ohlinger, â€Å"CEO of Service Industry Research Systems Inc,† Chris Ohlinger taking a survey on the customers that use to shopper there and do not stop any more because of the public criticism. Wal-mart low prices remain low to help the working poor. â€Å"Wal-mart CEO H. Lee Scoot, asked the employees â€Å"to take the moral high ground† on the further criticism. Wal-mart had just settled with about $11 million on hiring illegal immigrants to clean the stores. This is one the biggest sex discrimination lawsuit in the history of retailer just because the grass-roots organizations do not want this retailer in the area. â€Å"In a five-minute video message to Wal-mart’s workers, Scott told employees that they were expected to do the right thing every time, and he encouraged them to report unethical behavior to superiors or use the company’s ethics hotline, according to spokeswoman Mona Williams.† â€Å"It is a mark of our strength that when we uncover issues, we deal with them, do the right thing and are a stronger company as a result, â€Å"Scott said in the telecast to 1.2 million workers.† Grant (2005)In conclusion people should not always believe what is told to them in the public room, people have to evaluate for themselves and stick to their ethic believes. Reference: Wal-Mart (n.d.). Servant Leadership. Retrieved June 21, 2008., fromhttp://walmartstroes.com/AboutUs/289.aspx(2006). 45 Years of Wal-Mart History: A Technology Time Line. Academy of Information & Management Sciences. Plunkett, J. W. (Last updated February 21, 2008). Retail Technologies Leap Ahead. [Electronic version]. Retail Industry. Retrieved June 21, 2008 from http://www.plunkettresearchonline.com. Wal-Mart Technologies Enhance Visible and Behind-Scenes Services. (2005, July). Retail Merchandiser, Retrieved June 21, 2008, from Business Source Complete database. Govindarajan, V. & Gupta, A. (1999). Taking Wal-Mart Global: Lessons From Retailing’s Giants, Retrieved June 21, 2008, from http://www.strategy-business.com/press/16635507/13866Walmart Completes Goal To Sell Only Concentrated Liquid Laundry Detergent, Retrieved June 21, 2008, from http://walmartstores.com/AboutUs/7603.aspxBateman, T.S., & Snell, S.A. (2007). Management: The New Competitive Landscape. [University of Phoenix Custom Edition e-text]. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Retrieved June 10, 2008, from University of Phoenix, MGT330 Web site. Diversity. (n.d.). Retrieved June 20, 2008, from http://walmartstores.com/Diversity/